MA^ UAL 



OF 



GYMNASTIC EXERCISES. 



FOR 



SCHOOLS AND FAMILIES, 



SA.MUEL W. MASON, 



fUPERVISOR OF BOSTON SCHOOLS. 



G V 

4-S3 




BOSTON : 
HENRY A. YOUNG <t CO. 
1S84. 



LIBRARY OF CONGRESS. 

%p,.... ©mmrig|lfIJ._.___.- 
'gHklf 



UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, 



!\/\AY 1 1884 



MANUAL 



OF 



GYMNASTIC EXERCISES 

FOR SCHOOLS AND FAMILIES. 

By SAMUEL W. MASON, 

MASTER OF THE ELIOT SCHOOL, BOSTON. 



As to the practicability of making these physical ez^'rctser a part 
"if our n stem of public itistructioQ, I entertain no doubt " 

■ u John I). PiiiLBRicK 

0^ 



ELEVENTH EDITION, WITH ADDITIONS, 



MAY m\m ' 



BOSTON: 
HENKY A. YOUXG & CO. 
1884, 



Entered, according to Act of Congress, in the yeai' ItTi, hi 

WOOLWORTH, AiNSWORTH & CO. 

In ; he office of the Librarian of Congress, at Wa ihh gt d i, 



Copyright, 1884, by Heney A. YouNQ & Co. 



PREFACE. 



At the solicitation of many teachers who ha%'e 
desired to introduce into their schools a symmetrica] 
and systematic series of Gymnastic exercises, tiiis 
Manual, consisting merely of practical exercises, lias 
been prepared. 

The utility and practicability of physical exer- 
cises in our schools are becoming more and more 
evident. 

No attempt has been made to describe the physi- 
ological effect of the different positions ; the book 
being merely what it purports to be, a Manual of 
Exercises^ so arranged that pupils can perform them, 
changing Irom one position to another in exact time, 
without dictation from the teacher. 

The exercises are such as have been practised in 
tliis school, wdth much pleasure and profit, the past 
two years. They are arranged in the order in 
wliich they have been performed ; one position fo' 



IV 



PREFACE. 



iowing another easily and naturally. The first series 
can be practised as a whole, including both sitting 
and standing positions, or any part of them taken 
consecutively, as the teacher may choose. 

Pupils take much more interest and delight in 
physical exercises, when they know how many times 
each position is to be taken, when to change to an- 
other position, and what that position is to be ; and 
it is certainly easier and more pleasant for the 
teacher. 

Music will add much to the interest and utility of 
the exercises. The first series can be taken to such 
tunes as " Glory Hallelujah," " Hail Columbia," 
" Yankee Doodle," or any tune of marked measure. 
Keep pupils cheerful ; let, or even 7nake^ them laugh, 
and enjoy the exercises as much as possible. The 
exercises are taken uniformly three times each ; viz. 
right member, three times ; left, three times ; both, 
three times ; alternate, three times each. They can 
be extended by increasing the number of times each 
position is taken. 

I have been induced to write out the exercises 
used in this school solely fi:om the desire to hasten 
if possible the introduction of gymnastic, or calis- 
thenic training into our public schools, feeling that 



PREFACE. 



it was not from the want of positions or works on 
gymnastics that physical exercises are not generally 
introduced into our schools, but because teachers 
have not the time or inclination to select, from the 
detached illustrations and explanations in books al- 
ready published, a symmetrical series of positions 
which should be interesting and profitable. 

Having selected from various sources positions as 
they have appeared in detached illustrations, and 
added new ones, I have arranged them so that one 
position naturally follows another, both pleasant to 
the eye of the spectator, and agreeable, easy, and 
profitable to the pupil. I submit these exercises to 
the judgment of teachers, as they have borne tha 
best of all tests, actual trial in the school-room, 
hoping that, if these exercises are not adopted, other 
and more varied ones will be, and that physical 
exercises will be practised in all our schools, and 
that we may be able " to turn out " from our 
schools better specimens of a noble race. 

S. W. M. 

Eliot School, Boston. 



MANUAL 



SITTING POSITIONS. 

1. Sit terect with arms folded. 

2. Body thrown forward with folded arms on desk. 

3. Arms extended on desk in front parallel. 

4. Sit erect, shoulders thrown back with arms 

hanging by side. 

5. Head resting on right hand with right elbow 

on desk. 

6. Head resting on left hand with left elbow on 

desk. 

7. Head resting on both hands with both elbows- 

on desk. 

8. Head resting on both hands with hands on desk. 

9. Sit erect, shoulders down, elbows thrown back 

as far as possible, with forearm horizontal, 
hands tightly closed. 

10. Right arm thrown horizontally in front and 

back to position 9 three times. 

11. Left arm thrown horizontally in front and back 

to position 9 three times. 



8 



GYMNASTIC EXERCISES. 



12. Both arms thrown horizontally and parallel in 

front and back to position 9 three times. 

13. Hands thrown forward in front, alternately, and 

back to position 9, three times each. 

14. Both arms extended horizontally and parallel 

in front. 

15. Twist arms as in boring with gimlet, hands 

tightly closed, three times. 

16. Open and close hands three times. 

17. Strike hands together three times. 

18. Arms in front, forearm perpendicular, upper 

arm horizontal. 

19. Right arm perpendicular and back to position 

18 three times. 

20. Left arm perpendicular and back to position 18 

three times. 

21. Both arms perpendicular and back to position 

18 three times. 

22. Arms alternately perpendicular and back to 

position 18 three times. 

23. Both arms perpendicular. 

24. Twist arms as in 15, arms perpendicular. 

25. Hands together over head three times. 

26. Hands upon each other on top of head. 

27. Right arm up sidewise at an angle of 45"* and 

back to position 26 three times. 

28. Left arm up sidewise at an angle of 45° and 

back to position 26 three times. 

29. Both arms up sidewise at an angle of 45° and 

back to position 26 three times. 



SITTING POSrriONS. 



9 



30. Arms up alternately sidewise at an angle of 45^ 

and back to position 26 three times. 

31. Both arms extended up at an angle of 45°. 

32. Snap fingers. 

33. Strike hands together over head three times. 

34. Sit erect, arms folded, as in No. 1. 

35. Sit erect, arms folded, right face. 

36. Stand. 

37. Stand erect, arms folded, left face. 

The pupil is now ready to commence the standing 
positions without interruption ^ or the standing posi- 
tions may be taken as a separate exercise, as they 
must be, unless pupih are in the school-room with 
desks. 



10 



GYMNASTIC EXERCISES. 



STANDING POSITIONS. 

1. At the command, Position, the pupil will stand 

with heels on the same line, feet turned out 
equally, forming with each other an angle of 
45° ; the knees straight ; body erect ; shoul- 
ders square and falling equally ; arms hang- 
ing naturally by side ; elbows near the body ; 
the palm of the hands turned a little to the 
front ; head erect ; eyes looking directly for- 
ward ; thus bringing the ear, shoulders, hip, 
knee, and ankle into a straight line. Fig. t. 
The head, body, and feet should be kept in 
this position throughout the exercises unless 
otherwise ordered. 

2. Strike chest with closed hands. Fig. 2 (d). 

3. Arms extended horizontally sidewise. Fig. 2 

(c). 

4. Same as in No. 2. Fig. 2 (d). 

6. Arms extended perpendicularlj . Fig. 2 (6). 

6. Same as in No. 2. Fig. 2 (d). 

7. Arms extended horizontally and parallel in front 

Fig. 8 (b). 

8. Same as in No. 2. Fig. 2 (d). 

Repeat the preceding positions throe times. 



STANDING POSITION^. 




Fig. 2. 



These positions will serve to unite many 
other positions ; hence they will often be 
referred to and repeated. Always perform 
them with full lungs. 
9, Position as in No. 1. Fig. 1. 
10. Right arm up and back to No. 9 three times 
in four motions, viz. : first, elbow at hip 
with closed hand at shoulder, back of hand 
in front, Fig. 3 (a) ; second, arm thrown 
up perpendicularly. Fig. 3 (b) ; third, hand 
brought to shoulder, same as first. Fig. 3 (a) ; 
fourth, by turning thumb towards the body, 
throw the hand down close to the body, a^^ 



12 



GYMNASTIC EXERCISES. 




Fig. 8. Fig. 4. 



far as possible without lowering the shoulder. 
Fig. 3 (c). 

11. Left arm up three times in four motions, like 

right arm in No. 10. Fig. 3. 

12. Both arms together, up three times in four mo- 

tions, like right arm in No. 10. Fig. 8. 

13. Arms up alternately three times each, as in 

No. 10. Fig. 3. 

14. Position No. 1. Fig. 1. 

15. Right shoulder up three times. Fig. 4. 

16. Left shoulder up three times. Fig. 4. 

17. Both shoulders up three times. Fig. 4. 

18. Shoulders up alternately, three times each. 

Fig. 4. 



STAr.JING POSITIONS. 



13 



19. Same as No. 1. Pig. 1. 

20. Hands on chest, as in No. 2. Fig. 2 {d), 

21. Arms extended horizontally sidewise, as in 

No. 3. Fig. 2 (c). 

22. Twist arms three times, as in boring with a 
. gimlet. Fig. 5. 




Fig 5. 

23. Open and close liands three times. Fig. 6. 

24. Same as No. 1. Fig. 1. 

25. With closed hands strike chest, as in No. 2. 

Fig. 2 {d). 

26. Arms extended horizontally sidewise, as in 

No. 3. Fig. 2 [c). 

27. Hands on chest, as in No. 25. Fig. 2 {d). 

28. Arms extended perpendicularly. Fig. 2 (6). 



14 



GYMNASTIC EXERCISES. 




Fig 7 



STANDING POSITIONS. 



15 



29. Twist arms three times, 

30. Open and close hands three times. 

31. Strike hands together over head three times. 

32. Fingers on top of shoulders, arms sidewise. 

Fig. 7 (a). 

33. Eight arm perpendicular, and back to No. 32, 

three times. Fig. 7 (&). 

34. Left arm perpendicular, and back to No. 32, 

three times. Fig. 7 (c), 

35. Both arms together perpendicular, and back to 

No. 32, three times. Fig. 7 {b and c). 

36. Arms alternately perpendicular, and back to 

No. 32, three times each. 

37. Fingers on shoulders, same as in No. 32. Fig. 

38. Right arm horizontally sidewise, and back to 

No, 37, three times. Fig. 7 (e), 
89. Left arm horizontally sidewise, and back to 
No. 37, three times. Fig. 7 (/). 

40. Both arms together horizontally sidewise, and 

back to No. 37, three times. Figs. 7 (e and / ) . 

41. Arms alternately liorizontally sidewise, and 

back to No. 37, three times each. Fig. 7. 

42. Same as No. 1. 

43. Same as No. 2. Fig. 2 (d). 

44. Same as No. 3. Fig. 2 (e). 

45. Same as No. 4. Fig. 2 (d), 

46. Same as No. 5. Fig. 2 (b). 

47. Same as No. 6. Fig. 2 (d). 



16 



GYMNASTIC EXERCISES. 



48. Right arm horizontal in front, and back to No. 
47, three times. Fig. 8. 




Fig. 8. Fig. 9. 



49. Left arm horizontal in front, and back to No. 

47, three times. Pig. 8. 

50. Both arms horizontal in front, and back to No. 

47, three times. Fig. 8. 
61. Arms alternately in front, and back to No. 47, 
three times each. Fig. 8. 

52. Same as No. 1. Fig. 1. 

53. Hands in arm-pits. Fig. 10. 

64. Right hand thrown down as far as possible 
without lowering the shoulder, and back to 
No. 63, three times. Fig. 10 (a). 

56. Left hand thrown down as far as possible with- 



STANDING POSITIONS. 



17 



out lowering the shoulder, and back to No. 
53, three times. Fig. 10 (b). 




Fig. 10. 

56. Both hands thrown down as far as possible with- 

out lowering the shoulder, and back to No. 
53, three times. 

57. Hands thrown down alternately as far as pos- 

sible, and back to No. 53, three times each. 

58. Same as in No. 1. Fig. 1. 

Repeat the following three times. 

59. Right hand closed at shou.lder, as in No. 10. 

Fig. 3 (a), 

60. Right arm in front horizontally. Fig. 8 (b). 

61. Same-as in 59. 

62. Right arm perpendicular. Fig. 3 (6). 

63. Same as in 59. 

64. Right arm horizontally sidewise. Fig. 2 (c). 



18 



GYMNASTIC EXERCISES. 



65 Same as in 59. 

66. Right hand down. Fig. 3 (c). 

Repeat the following three times* 

67. Left hand same as right, in 59. 



68. " « - " 60. 

69. " " " 61. 

70. " " 62. 

71. " " " 63. 

72. " " " 64. 

73. " " " 65. 

74. " " " 66. 

Repeat the following three times. 

15. Both hands together, same as right in 59. 

76. " " " 60. 

77. " " " 61. 

78. " " " 62. 

79. " " " " 63. 

80. " " " " 64. 

81. " " " " 65. 

82. " " " " 66. 

83. Right hand as in 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 

alternate with 



84. Left hand as in 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 

three times each. 

85. Same as in No. 1, Fig. 1. 

86. Place closed hands with backs against the 

shoulders. Fig. 11 (a), 
37. Throw right hand directly in front, and back to 
No. 86, three times ; arm horizontal. 



STANDING POSITIONS. 



19 




Fig. 11. 



88. Throw left hand directly in front, and back to 

No. 86, three times ; arm horizontal. 

89. Throw both hands in front, and back to No. 86, 

three times ; arms horizontal. 

90. Arms alternately thrown in front, and back to 

No. 86, three times each ; arms horizontal. 

91. Same as in No 1. 

92. Same as in No. 86. Pig. 11 (a). 

93. Throw right hand sidewise, and back to 92, 

three times; arm horizontal. Fig. 11 (c). 

94. Throw left hand sidewise, and back to 92, three 

times ; arm horizontal. Pig. 11 (c). 

95. Throw both arms together sidewise, and back 

to 92, three times ; arms horizontal. 



20 



GYMNASTIC EXERCISES. 



96. Hands thrown alternately sidewise, and back tr 

92, three times each. 

97. Same as m No. 1, Pig. 1. 

98. Same as 86. Fig. 11 (a), 

99. Throw right hand down, and back to 86, three 

times; arm straight at elbow. Fig. 11 (b). 

100. Throw left hand down, and back to 86, three 

times ; straighten arm at elbow. Fig. 11 (b), 

101. Both hands thrown down, and back to 86, three 

times. Fig. 11 (b). 

102. Hands thrown down alternately, and back to 

86, three times. 

103. Same as in No. 1, Fig. 1. 

104. Same as 86. Fig. 11 (a). 

105. Right arm perpendicular, and back to 104, 

three times. Fig 11 (d), 

106. Left arm perpendicular, and back to 104, three 

times. Fig. 11 (d), 

107. Both arms together perpendicular, and back to 

104, three times. Fig. 11 (d). 

108. Arms alternately perpendicular, and back to 

104, three times each. Fig. 11 (d). 

109. Same as No. 1, Fig. 1. 



110. 


Same as No. 


2. 


Fig. 2 (d). 


111. 


u 


u 


8. 


Fig. 2 (c). 


112. 






4. 


Fig. 2 {d). 


113. 




u 


5. 


Fig. 2 (b). 


114. 




u 


6. 


Fig. 2 (d). 


115. 






7. 


Fig. 8 (b). 



STANDING POSITIONS. 



21 



116. Twist arms three times as in boring with gim- 

let ; hands tightly closed. 

117. Open and close hands. 

118. Strike hands together in front three times. 

119. Same as in No. 1, Fig. 1. 




Fig. 12. 



120. Right arm horizontally sidewise, and back to 

119, three times ; hand open and palm down : 
look at hand. Fig. 12 (a). 

121. Left arm three times like tlie right in 120 : 

look at hand. Fig. 12 (5). 

122. Both arms three times like the right in 120. 

Fig. 12 {a and b). 

123. Arms alternately side wise like the right in 120, 

three times each : look at hands. 



22 



GYMNASTIC EXERCISES. 



124. Same as No. 1, Pig. 1. 

125. Hands together over head, and back to 124, 
three times. Fig. 13. 



126. Same as 2. Fig. 2 {d). 

127. " 3. Fig. 2 (c). 

128. " 4. Fig. 2 {d). 

129. " " 6. Fig. 2 (6). 

130. " " 6. Fig. 2 (^/). 

131. " 7. Fig. 8 (6). 

132. Strike hands together in front three times. 

133. Right arm perpendicular; left, horizontal. 

Fig. 14. 

134. Left arm perpendicular ; right, horizontal. 

Change from 134 to 133 and back, three 




\ 



Fig. 13. 



times. 



STANDING POSITIONS. 



23 



135. Drop right arm, leaving left perpendicular. 
Pig. 15. 




Fig. 14. Fier. 15. 



136. Left arm by side, right perpendicular. 

Change from 13G to 135 and back, three 
times. 

137. Right hand six inches above head, left six 

inches before chest. Fig. 16. 

138. Left hand six inches above head, right six 

inches before chest. Change from 138 to 
137 and back, three times. 

139. Right arm horizontally sidewise, left hand on 

chest. 

140. Left arm horizontally sidewise, right hand on 

chest. Change from 140 to, 139 and back, 
three times. 



24 



GYMNASTIC EXERCISES. 




Fig. 16. Fig. 17. Fig. 18. 



141. Hands on hips ; fingers in front. Fig. 17. 

142. Turn head to right three times, so tliat the 

cliin shall be over right slioulder. Fig. 17 (a). 

143. Turn head to left three times, so that chiu 

shall come over left shoulder. Fig. 17 (b) 

144. Bend head to right three thnes. Do not raise 

the shoulder. Fig. 18 (6). 

145. Bend head to left three times. Do not raise 

shoulder. Fig. 18 (a). 

146. Bend head back three times. Fig. 19 (a). 

147. Bend head forward three times. Fig. 19 (b) 

148. Bend and turn head to right three times, ^ so 

that you can see your heels over the right 
shoulder. 



STANDING POSITIONS. 



25 



149. Bend and turn head to left three times, so that 

you can see your heels over left shoulder. 

150. Turn body to right three times. Pig. 20. 

151. Turn body to the left three times. Fig. 20. 




Fig. 19. Fig. 20. Fig. 21. 



152. Bend body to right three times. Fig. 21 (a). 

153. Bend body to left three times. Fig. 21 (h). 

i 'A, Bend body backward three times. Fig. 22 {a), 

155. Bend body forward three times. Fig. 22 (b). 

156. Stand on tip-toe and sink the body as far as 

possible, without touching heels, knees close 
together, rise without moving hands from 
hips, or touching heels, to floor. Fig. 23. 
The preceding exercises are supposed to be taken. 



26 



GYMNASTIC EXERCISES 




Fig. 22. Fig. 23. 



the pupil standing by side of his desk in the school- 
room. Should the exercises be taken out of the 
school-room, arrange the pupils in lines, so that 
the pupil can lay his hand on the shoulders of the 
one before him ; shortest in front ; lines close 
together. Let every other line advance one half 
pace, so that the arms, when raised horizontally 
sidewise, shall not interfere with each other. The 
closer the pupils are together, the better the effect. 
The tendency of all the exercises should be to ex- 
pand the chest, and keep the shoulders down and 
i)a ck. 



AN EXERCISE IN TRIPLE MEASURE. 



AN EXERCISE 
ADAPTED TO ANY TUNE IN TRIPLE MEASURE. 

1. Position. Pig. 1. 

At the sound of the bell, snap of the finger, 
nod of the head, or any signal from the 
teacher, the pupil will advance right foot 
three paces, of a foot each, body resting on 
the left foot. 

2 Pill lungs, and bring hands, closed, energeti- 
cally to chest. Pig. 24 (a). 




Fig. 24. 



28 



GYMNASTIC EXERCISES. 



Repeat the following three times : 

3. First, throw right hand directly in front, arm 

horizontal. Pig. 8 (6). 

4. Second, swing arm to the right, horizontally, 

as far as possible, without moving the body. 
Pig. 24 (b). 

6. Third, right hand, closed, on chest. Pig. 
24 (a). 

Repeat the following three times : 

6. Pirst, left hand thrown directly in front, arm 

horizontal. Pig. 8 (6). 

7. Second, swing left arm horizontally to the left 

as far as possible, without moving body. 
Pig. 24 (c). 

8. Third, left hand, closed, on chest. Pig. 24 (a). 

Repeat the following three times : 

9. Pirst, both hands directly in front, arms hori- 

zontal and parallel. Pig. 8 (b), 

10. Second, swing both arms horizontally as far 

as possible without moving the body ; right 
arm to the right, left to the left. Pig. 24 
{b and c), 

11. Third, both hands, closed, on chest. Pig 

24 (a). 

Repeat, alternately, three times each : 

12. Right hand and arm as in 3, 4, and 5. 

13. Left hand and arm as in 6, 7, and 8. 

14. Position. 



AN EXERCISE IN TRIPLE MEASURE. 



29 



The preceding exercise may be varied by ad- 
vancing left foot instead of right ; also by extend- 
ing arm up at an angle of 45^ instead of horizon- 
tally. Fig. 24 {d and e\. 



30 



GYMNASTIC EXERCISES. 



AN EXERCISE 
FOR ANY TUNE IN DOUBLE MEASURE. 

1. Position, except feet together and parallel. 

At any given signal the pupil will advance 
right foot four paces, of a foot each, or less 
if necessary, throwing the body on right 
foot ; face directly over the foot in advance. 
2. Pill lungs, and throw elbows as far back as pos- 
sible, forearm horizontal, hands tightly closed. 
Fig. 26 {a). 




Fig. 26. 



AN EXERCISE IN DOUBLE MEASURE. 31 



Repeat the following three times : 

3. First, throw right hand directly in front, arm 

horizontal. Pig. 25 (b). 

4. Second, bring right hand by side, forearm hori- 

zontal. Pig. 25 (a). 

Repeat the following three times : 

5. Pirst, throw left hand directly in front, arm 

horizontal. Pig. 25 (b). 

6. Second, bring left hand by side, forearm hori- 

zontal. Pig. 25 (a). 

Repeat the following three times: 

7. Pirst, hands together in front, arms horizontal 

and parallel. Pig. 25 (b). 

8. Second, hands by side, forearm horizontal. Pig. 

. 25 (a). 

Repeat alternately three times each : 

9. Pirst, throw right hand as in 3. Pig. 25 (6). 

10. Second, bring right hand as in 4. Pig. 25 (a). 

11. Pirst, throw left hand as in 5. Pig. 25 (b), 

12. Second, bring left hand as in 6. Pig. 25 (a). 

Vary the exercise by advancing left foot, throw 
hand perpendicular. Pig. 25 (d), or up at an angle 
of 45\ Fig. 25 (c). 



GYMNASTIC EXEHCISES. 



BREATHING EXERCISE. 

1. Inhale and exhale the breath through the nose 

three times very slowly, without raising and 
lowering the shoulders. 

2. Inhale and exliale the breath through the nose 

three times rapidly. 

3. Inflate lungs through the nose, then strike right 

lung rapidly with both hands. 

4. Inflate lungs through the nose, then strike left 

lung rapidly with both hands. 
6. Hands on hips, inflate lungs as much as possi- 
ble ; emit the breath with the utmost slow- 
ness. 

6. Draw in the breath as in No. 5, and expire it 

audibly through the mouth, as in the pro- 
longed sound of the letter K. 

7. Inflate the lungs as in No. 5, then force the 

breath through the mouth in the manner of 
an abrupt and whispered cough. 

8. Fill the lungs as in No. 5, then emit the breath 

as quickly as possible, as in giving the aspi- 
rated sound of the letter H. 

9. Pill lungs through the mouth ; force the breath 

through the nose. 



BREATHING EXERCISE. 



33 



10. Breathe as rapidly as possible through the nose, 

mouth closed. 

11. Breathe through the mouth as rapidly as possi- 

ble, like panting. 

12. Inflate lungs to their utmost capacity, then, at 

a given signal, explode the sounds of the 
vowels. Fill lungs before each sound. 

13. After fully inflating the lungs, give the radical, 

median, vanishing, compound, thorough, and 
tremulous stress of each vowel sound. Fill 
lungs before each sound. 



34 



GYMNASTIC EXERCISES. 



EIGHT POSITIONS 
FOR ANALYZING AND SPELLING WORDS. 

Stand erect, arms folded, the word to be distinctly 
pronounced by pupil before changing position. Let 
the pupil only mention the letters without pro- 
nouncing syllables. 

1. Elbows thrown violently back as far as possible, 

forearm horizontal. Fig. 26 (a). 

2. Throw arms horizontal and parallel in front. 

Pig. 26 (6). 

3. Bend arms at elbow, forearm perpendicular, 

upper arm horizontal. Pig. 26 (c). 

4. Arms thrown up perpendicular. Fig. 27 (a), 

5. Hands together over head. Fig. 27. (6). 

6. Same as No. 1. 

7. Hands thrown down by side a» far as possible 

without lowering shoulders. Fig. 2 (a). 

8. Arms folded- 

These positions to be repeated to correspond to 
the number of letters or sounds required. 

The sounds of the vowels and alphabet, the analy- 
sis and spelling of long words, the musical scale with 



POSITIONS FOR SPEILING WORDS. 



35 





Fig. 26. 



Fig. 27. 



one, two, or more sounds to each position, may be 
given ; also, the humming and singing of tunes, 
repeating long lists of words, such as lists of prepo- 
sitions and conjunctions, battles of the Revolution, 
Kings of England, rivers, capes, bays, &c., &c. In 
analyzing words, pronounce the syllables. 

123 45678123456 7 8 

1. a, a, a, a, e, e, i, i, o, o, o, u, u, u, oi, ou. 

12 34567812345 6 78 

2. do, re, me, fa, sf J, la, si, do, do, si, la, sol, fa, me, re, do. 

1 2 3 4 5 67 8 

3. do, do, re, re, me, me, fa, fa, sol, sol, la la, si, si, do, do. 

12 

4. do do do, re re re, &c. 



36 



GYMNASTIC EXERCISES. 



12345678 12345678 

Occasion. Monument. 

1234567812345678 

Perpendicularity. 

1 234567812345678 

Enthusiastically. 

Another very agreeable and useful exercise for 
the vocal organs is the repetition of the vowel sounds 
with positions, so that the first and each alternate 
sound shall be accented, and each accented sound 
dwelt upon as i^ng as two unaccented, the pv**^itioiis 
made to conform to the time and accentuation of 
each vowel. 

123 456 781 234 567 812345 678 

1. aaa aaa aaa aaa eee eee i^^ ii i &:c. 

12345 6 7812345 6 78123 
lard soft hard soft 

2. a, a, a, a, b, c, c, d, e, e, f, f, g, g, h, i, i, j, k, 

4567812345678123466 

I, ^, n, o, 6, 5, p, q, r, s, t, u, u, ii, v, w, x, y, z. 



FEET POSITIONS. 



37 



FEET POSITIONS 
ADAPTED TO ANY TUNE OF EVEN MEASUKE. 

Stand erect with hands on hips. 

1. Advance right foot three feet and back, two, 

four, or any even number of times, left foot 
remaining unmoved. 

2. Place right foot sidewise three feet, same num- 

ber of times as in No. 1. 

3. Place right foot behind three feet, same number 

of times as in No. 1. 

4. Place right foot behind and across the left leg 

as far as possible, same number of times as in 
No. 1. 

5. Place right foot before and across the left leg as 

far as possible, some number of times as in 
No. 1. 

Do the same with left foot, then perform each 
position with right and left foot alternately. 



38 



GYMNASTIC EXERCISES. 



AN EXERCISE 

ADAPTED TO TUNE "HAIL COLUMBIA." 

1. Stand in position, except arms folded. 

2. First measure, exhale the breath through the 

nose. 

8. Second measure, inhale the breath through the 
nose. 

4. First half of third measure, throw elbows back 

as far as possible, forearms horizontal. Fig. 
8(a). 

5. Last half of third measure, throw arms in front, 

horizontal and parallel. Fig. 8 (b). 

6. Fourth measure, same positions as for third 

measure. Fig. 8 {a and b). 

7. Fifth and sixth measures; same as first and 

second. 

8. Seventh and eighth measures, same as tliird 

and fourth. 

9. Ninth and tenth measures, same as first and 

second. 

10. Eleventh and twelfth measures, strike left lung 
with right hand four times, swinging arm at 
shoulder. 



AN EXERCISE ADAPTED TO "HAIL COLUMBIA." 39 

11. Thirteenth and fourteenth measures, same as 

first and second. 

12. Fifteenth and sixteenth measures, strike right 

lung with left hand four times, swinging arm 
at shoulder. 

13. Seventeenth and eighteenth measures, same as 

first and second. 

14. Nineteenth and twentieth measures, strike both 

lungs with both hands four times, swinging 
arms at shoulders. 

15. Twenty-first and twenty-second measures, same 

as first and second. 

16. Twenty-third and twenty-fourth measures, strike 

lungs with hands alternately two times each, 
swinging arms at shoulders. 

17. Twenty-fifth and twenty-sixth measures, same 

as first and second. 

18. Twenty-seventh and twenty-eighth measures, 

strike chest rapidly, as indicated by the 
rhythm of the tune. 



40 



GYMNASTIC EXERCISES. 



AN EXERCISE 
ADAPTED TO TUNE "MARCHING ALONG/' 

1. Stand in " Position." Fig. 1. 

2. Strike hands together once, directly in front, 

arms horizontal. 

3. Bring closed hands to chest. Fig. 28 [d). 




Fig. 28. 

4. Throw hands in front; arms horizontal and 
parallel. 



AN EXERCISE ADAPTED TO " MARCHING ALONG." 41 



5. Strike hands together once. 

6. Swing hands horizontally as far as possible ; 

right hand to the right, left, to the left ; keep 
arms straight at elbows. Pig. 28 (c). 

7. Strike hands together once, directly in front. ' 

8. Bring closed hands to chest. Fig. 28 (d). 

9. Throw arms perpendicularly. Fig. 28 (b). 

10. Strike hands together over head once. 

11. Bring closed hands to chest. Fig. 28 (d). 

12. Throw hands in front ; arms horizontal and 

parallel. 

13. Strike hands together once. 

14. Hands by side. Fig. 28 (a). 

16. Strike hands together twice, directly in front ; 
arms horizontal. 

16. Bring closed hands from No. 15 to chest, twice. 

Fig. 28 (d). 

17. Throw hands directly in front from No. 16, 

twice ; arms horizontal and parallel. 

18. Strike hands together twice. 

19. Swing hands horizontally as far as possible, and 

back to No. 17, twice ; right hand to the 
right, left, to the left ; keeping arm straight 
at elbow. Fig. 28 (c). 

20. Bring closed hands from No. 19 to the chest, 

twice. 

21. Throw arms from No. 20 perpendicularly,, twice. 

Fig. 28 (b). 

22. Strike hands together over head, twice. 



42 



GYMNASTIC EXERCISES. 



23. Bring closed hands to chest from No. 22, twice. 

Fig. 28 {d). 

24. Throw hands directly in front from No. 23, 

twice. 

25. Strike hands together, twice. 

26. Bring closed hands to chest from No. 24, twice. 

Fig. 28 {d). 

27. Hands by side. Fig. 28 {a). 

28. Strike hands together in front three times ; arms 

horizontal. 

29. Bring closed hands to the chest from No. 28, 

three times. Fig. 28 {d), 

30. Throw hands directly in front from No. 29, 

three times ; arms liorizontal and parallel. 
81. Strike hands together, three times. 
32. Swing hands horizontally as far as possible, and 

back to No. 80, three times ; right hand to 

the right, left, to the left ; keep arm straight 

at elbow. Fig., 28 (c). 
88, Bring closed hands to the chest from No. 32, 

three times. Fig. 28 [d). 

34. Throw arm perpendicularly from No. 33, three 

times. Fig. 28 {b). 

35. Strike hands together over head, three times. 

36. Bring closed hands to chest from No. 85, three 

times. Fig. 28 {d). 

37. Throw hands directly in front from No. 36, 

three times ; arms horizontal and parallel. 
88. Strike hands together, three times. 



AN EXERCISE ADAPTEi> TO " MARCHING ALONG." 48 



39. Bring closed hands to the chest from No. 37, 

three times. Fig. 28 (d), 

40. Hands by side. Fig. 28 (a). 

This exercise may be extended indefinitely, as 
indicated in the description. 



44 GYMNASTIC EXERCISES. 

AN EXEKCISE 
FOR FEET AND LEGS. 

1. Stand erect with hands on hips. 

2. Raise right leg as shown by Fig. 29 (a). 




Pig. 29. 



3. Straighten right leg at knee. Pig. 29 (b), 

4. Place right leg as in No. 2. Pig. 29 (a). 

5. Place right foot and leg as in No. 1. 

Repeat the preceding three times. 



AN EXERCISE FOR FEET AND LEGS. 



45 



6. Same as in No. 1. 

7. Raise the left leg same as the right, in No. 2, 

Fig. 29 (a). 

8. Straighten the left leg same as the right, in 

No. 3. Fig. 29 (b). 

9. Place left leg as in No. 7. Fig. 29 (a). 

10. Place left leg as in No. 6. 

Repeat the preceding three times. 

11. Same as in No. 1. 

12. Raise the right knee as high as the hip. Fig. 

30 (a). 




Fig. 30. 



13. Throw the right leg backwards. Fig. 30 (b). 

14. Place the right leg as in No. 12. Fig. 30 (a). 



46 



GYMNASTIC EXERCISES. 



15. Place right foot as in No. 11. 

Repeat three times. 

16. Same as in No. 11. 

17. Raise left leg same as the right, in No. 12. 

Fig. 30 (a). 

18. Throw left leg backwards same as the right, in 

No. 13. Fig. 30 (b). 

19. Place left leg as in No. 17. Fig. 30 {a). 

20. Place left foot same as in No. 16. 

21. Raise the right leg three times as in Pig. 31. 




Fig. 31. - rig. 32. 

22. Raise the left leg three times same as the right, 

in No. 21. Fig. 31. 

23. Raise the right leg three times, as in Fig. 

32 



AN EXERCISE FOR FEET AND LEGS. 47 

24. Eaise the left leg three times, same as the right, 
in No. 23. Fig. 32. 

In this exercise let the head be held erect and 
the body as immovable as possible. 



ADDITIO^^'AL EXERCISES. 



By SAJklUEL W. MASON. 

49 



ADDITIO^fAL EXERCISES. 



SITTING POSITIONS. 

1. Sit erect with arms folded. 

2. Body thrown forward with folded arms on 

desk. 

3. Arms extended on desk in front parallel. 

4. Sit erect, shonlders thrown back with arms 

hanging by side. 

5. Head resting on right hand with right elbow 

on desk. 

6. Head restiiig on left hand with left elbow on 

desk. 

7. Head resting on both hands with both elbows 

on desk. 

8. Head resting on both hands with hands on 

desk. 

9. Sit erect, shonlders down, elbows thrown back 

as far as possible, with forearm horizontal, 
hands tightly closed. 
10. Right arm thrown horizontally in front and 
back to position 9 three times. 



62 



GYMNASTIC EXERCISES. 



11. Left arm thrown horizontally in front and 

back to position 9 three times. 

12. Both arms thro\yn horizontally and parallel 

in front and back to position 9 three 
times. 

13. Hands thrown forward in front, alternately, 

and back to position 9, three times each. 

14. Both arms extended horizontally and parallel 

in front. 

15. Twist arms as in boring with gimlet, hands 

tightly closed, three times. 

16. Open and close hands three times. 

17. Strike hands together three times. 

18. Arms in front, forearm perpendicular, upper 

arm horizontal. 

19. Right arm perpendicular and back to position 

18 three times. 

20. Left arm perpendicular and back to position 

18 three times. 

21. Both arms perpendicular and back to position 

18 three times. 

22. Arms alternately perpendicular and back to 

position 18 three times. 
28. Both arms perpendicular. 

24. Twist arms as in 15, perpendicular. 

25. Hands together over head three times. 

26. Hands upon each other on top of head. 

27. Right arm up sidewise at an angle of 45"^ and 

back to position 26 three times. 



SITTING POSITIONS. 



63 



28. Left arm up sidewise at an angle of 45° and 

back to position 26 three times. 

29. Both arms np sidewise at an angle of 45° and 

back to position 26 three times. 

30. Arms up alternately sidewise at an angle of 

45° and back to position 26 three times. 

31. Both arms extended up at an angle of 45°. 

32. Snap fingers. 

33. Strike hands together over head three times. 

34. Sit erect, arms folded, as in No. 1. 

35. Sit erect, arms folded, right face. 

36. Stand. 

37. Stand erect, arms folded, left face. 

The pupil will now be ready to commence the 
standing positions without interruption, or the 
standing positions may be taken as a separate ex- 
ercise, as they must be, unless pupils are in a school- 
room with desks. 



64 



GYMNASTIC EXEECISES. 



STANDING POSITIONS. 

At the command "Position," pupils should stand 
with heels on the same line and near each other ; 
feet turned equally out, and forming with each 
other an angle of 60° ; knees straight ; body erect ; 
shoulders square and falling equally ; arms hang- 
ing naturally by the sides, with elbows near the 
body ; hands open without constraint, palms turned 
a little to the front ; eyes looking directly forward ; 
head erect and square to the front, — thus bringing 
the ear, shoulder, hip, knee, and ankle in a straight 
line. This position should be maintained during 
the exercise, except as indicated below. Avoid all 
sudden or jerking movements. In extending the 
hand or arm, — horizontally, vertically, or obliquely, 
— be sure that it is done firmly and evenly, as if 
carrying a heavy weight. In all motions /r^?m the 
body, or on the odd numbers, the muscles should 
be firm and rigid ; in motions toward the body, or 
on the even numbers, muscles relaxed. Much of 
the benefit from physical exercises will depend 
upon the proper tension and relaxation of the mus- 
cles: Fig. 1 Qd and c?). 



STANDING POSITIONS. 



65 



At the command Place/' place ends of fingers 
Nin shoulders, upper arm horizontally sidewise, mus- 
cles relaxed: Fig. 1 (a and a). 




Fig. 1. 



1. Right arm extended horizontally sidewise, 

elbow and wrist straight, fist clenched, 
muscles tense: Fig. 1 (g). 

8. Same as No. 1. 

6. Same as No. 1 or 8. 

2. Right hand brought to the shoulder, upper 

arm horizontal, hand open, muscles relaxed : 
Fig. 1 (a). 

4. Same as No. 2. 

6. Same as No. 2 or 4. 



56 



GYIVIKASTIO EXERCISES. 



7. Left arm extended horizontally sidewise, elbow 

and wrist straight, fist clenched, muscles 
tense : Fig. 1 (/). 
9. Same as No. 7. 

11. Same as No. 7 or 9. 

8. Left hand brought to the shoulder, upper arm 

horizontal, hand open, muscles relaxed : Fig. 
1 (a). 

10. Same as No. 8. 

12. Same as No. 8 or 10. 

13. Both arms extended horizontally sidewise, 

elbows and wrists straight, fists clenched, 
muscles tense: Fig. 1 (e and/). 

15. Same as No. 13. 

17. Same as No. 13 or 15. 

14. Both hands on shoulders, upper arm horizon- 

tal, hands open, muscles relaxed : Fig. 1 {a 
and a). 

16. Same as No. 14. 

18. Same as No. 14 or 16. 

19. Right arm extended vertically up, elbow and 

wrist straight, fist clenched, muscles ten^e : 
Fig. 1 (5). 

21. Same as No. 19. 

23. Same as No. 19 or 21. 

20. Right hand on shoulder, upper arm horizontal, 

hand open, muscles relaxed : Fig. 1 (a). 

22. Same as No. 20. 

24. Same as No. 20 or 22. 



STANDING POSITIONS. 



57 



25. Left arm extended vertically up, elbow and 

wrist straight, fist clenched, muscles tense : 
Fig. 1 (.). 

27. Same as No. 25. 

29. Same as No. 25 or 27. 

26. Left hand on shoulder, upper arm hori- 

zontal, hand open, muscles relaxed: Fig. 
1 (a). 

28. Same as No. 26. 

30. Same as No. 26 or 28. 

31. Both arms extended vertically up, elbows and 

wrists straight, fists clenched, muscles re- 
laxed; Fig. 1 (b and c), 

33. Same as No. 31. 

35. Same as No. 31 and 33. 

32. Both hands on shoulders, upper arms horizon- 

tal, hands open, muscles relaxed : Fig. 1 (a 
and a), 

34. Same as No. 32. 

36. Same as No. 32 or 34. 

37. Right arm extended upward at angle of 45°, 

elbow and wrist straight, fist clenched, mus- 
cles tense : Fig. 1 (^). 

39. Same as No. 37. 

41. Same as No. 37 or 39. 

38. Right hand on shoulder, upper arm horizontal, 

hand open, muscles relaxed: Fig. 1 (a). 

40. Same as No. 38. 

42. Same as No. 38 or 40. 



68 



GYMKASTIC EXERCISES. 



43. Left arm extended upward at angle of 45% 

elbow and Avrist straight, fist clenched, mus- 
cles tense: Fig. 1 (K), 

46. Same as No. 43. 

47. Same as No. 43 or 46. 

44. Left hand on shoulder, upper arm horizontal, 

hand open, muscles relaxed: Fig. 1 (d^. 
46. Same as No. 44. 

48. Same as No. 44 or 46. 

49. Both arms extended upward at an angle of 
45°, elbows and wrists straight, fists clenched, 
muscles tense : Fig. 1 and K), 

61. Same as No. 49. 
Same as No. 49 or 61. 

60. Both hands on shoulders, upper arms horizon- 
tal, hands open, muscles relaxed: Fig. 1 
(d and a). 

62. Same as No. 50. 

64. Same as No. 50 or 52. 

This exercise may be varied, by having all the 
odd numbers taken with hands open, but be sure 
that the muscles are firm and rigid. 

Teacher should count very slowly, as follows, 
placing strong emphasis on the odd numbers, thus : 
1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 6; left^ 2, 3, 4, 6, 6; hotli^ 2, 3, 4, 6, 6; 
up^ 2, 3, 4, 6, 6 ; left^ 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 ; hoth^ 2, 3, 4, 6, 
6; upward^ 2, 3, 4^ 5^ 6; left^ 2, 3, 4, 6, 6; hoth^ 2, 
3, 4, 5, 6. 



STANDING POSITIONS. 



59 



Firmness, precision, and uniformity should be 
the aim in physical exercises, and these cannot be 
secured unless the teacher is firm and decided in 
her tones ; therefore let all commands, counting, 
etc., be done with an energetic, downward slide of 
the voice. 




Fig. 2. 



"Position," Fig. 2 (a- and a'), fists clenched 
through the exercise. [Letters marked prime (') 
indicate left hand.] 

1. ^ Eight hand on chest (d). 

5. ^ Same as No. 1. 

2. 2 Right hand yertically up (V). 

6. 2 Same as No. 2. 



60 



GYIVINASTIC EXEECISES. 



3. 3 Right hand on chest (cZ). 

7. ^ Same as No. 3. 

4. ^ . Right hand down (a). 

8. ^ Same as No. 4. 
9. ^ Left hand on chest (r?'). 

13. ^ Same as No. 9. 

10. 2 Left hand vertically np (b'^. 

14. 2 Same as No. 10. 

11. ^Left hand on chest (<i'). 

15. ^ Same as No. 11. 

12. 4 Left hand down (a). 

16. 4 Same as No. 12. 

17. ^ Both hands on chest c/, c?/). 

21. 1 Same as No. 17. 

18. 2 Both hands vertically up (5, 5'). 

22. 2 Same as N J. 18. 

19. ^Both hands on chest (c?, d'^. 

23. 3 Same as No. 19. 

20. ^ Both hands down (a, a'). 

24. 4 Same as No. 20. 

25. ^ Right hand on chest (cZ). 

29. 1 Same as No. 25. 

26. 2 Right hand horizontally side wise ((?). 

30. 2 Same as No. 26. 

27. ^ Right hand on chest (cZ). 

31. 3 Same as No. 27. 

28. ^ Right hand down (a). 

32. 4 Same as No. 28. 



STANDING POSITIONS. 



61 



83. ^ Left hand on cliest (d'). 

ST. 1 Same as No. 33. 

34. Left hand horizontally sidewise 

38. 2 Same as No. 34. 

35. ^Left hand on chest (c?'). 

39. 3 Same as No. 35. 

36. ^Left hand down (a'). 

40. 4 Same as No. 36. 

41. 1 Both hands on chest (d^ d'\). 

45. 1 Same as No. 41. 

42. 2 Both hands horizontally sidewise (<?, 

46. 2 Same as No. 42. 

43. 2 Both hands on chest (cZ, ). 

47. 3 Same as No. 43. 

44. ^Both hands down (a, a'). 

48. ^ Same as No. 44. 

49. ^ Right hand on chest (cZ). 

53. 1 Same as No. 49. 

50. 2 Right hand directlj^ and horizontally in front. 

54. 2 Same as No. 50. 

51. ^ Right hand on chest (cZ). 

55. ^ Same as No. 51. 

52. 4 Right hand down (a). 

56. 4 Same as No. 52. 

57. ^ Left hand on chest (cZ'). 

61. 1 Same as No. 57. 

58. 2 Left hand directly and horizontally in front. 

62. 2 Same as No. 58. 



62 GYMNASTIC EXEKCISES. 

59. 3 Left hand on chest (d'^. 

63. ^ Same as No. 59. 

60. *Left hand down (a). 

64. 4 Same as No. 60. 

65. ^ Both hands on chest (cZ, cZ'). 

69. ^ Same as No. 65. 

66. 2 Both hands extended horizontally and paial- 

lel in front. 

70. 2 Same as No. 66. 

67. ^ Both hands on chest (cZ, cZ'). 

71. 3 Same as No. 67. 

68. ^ Both hands down (a, a'). 

72. 4 Same as No. 68. 

73. ^ Right hand on chest (d), 

81. 1 Same as No. 73. 

74. 2 Right hand vertically up (6). 

82. 2 Same as No. 74. 

75. ^ Right hand on chest (d). 

83. 3 Same as No. 75. 

76. ^ Right hand horizontally sidewise (e). 

84. ^ Same as No. 76. 

77. ^ Right hand on chest (d), 

85. ^ Same as No. 77. 

78. ^ Right hand directly in front. 

86. 6 Same as No. 78. 

79. ^ Right hand on chest (d). 

87. ^ Same as No. 79. 

80. ^ Right hand down (a). 

88. 8 Same as No. 80. 



STANDING POSITIONS. 



63 



89. ^ Left hand on chest (d'). 

97. 1 Same as No. 89. 

90. 2 Left hand vertically up (&'). 

98. 2 Same as No. 90. 

91. ^ Left hand on chest (d). 

99. 3 Same as No. 91. 

92. * Left hand horizontally sidewise (c'). 

100. * Same as No. 92. 

93. ^ Left hand on chest (d'^. 

101. 5 Same as No. 93. 

94. ^ Left hand directly in front. 

102. 6 Same as No. 94. 

95. Left hand on chest (cZ')- 

103. '< Same as No. 95. 

96. ^ Left hand down (a')- 

104. 8 Same as No. 96. 

105. ^ Both hands on chest (d, cZ'). 

113. 1 Same as No. 105. 

106. 2 Both hands vertically up (5, 6'). 

114. 2 Same as No. 106. 

107. ^Both hands on chest (d, J'). 

115. 3 Same as No. 107. 

108. * Both hands horizontally sidewise (c, c'). 

116. * Same as No. 108. 

109. ^ Both hands on chest (d, d'~). 

111. 5 Same as No. 109. 

110. ^ Both hands horizontally and parallel in front. 

118. 6 Same as No. 110. 



64 



GYltlKASTIC EXEKCISES. 



111. Both bands on chest (cZ, cZ'). 

119. ' Same as No. 111. 

112. ^ Both hands down (cf, a'). 

120. 8 Same as No. 112. 

Every motion strong, firm, and uniform. Count 
(not pupils), as indicated by the small figures, as 
follows: I, 2, 3, 4, I, 2, 3, Ze/^; i, 2, 3, 4, i, 2, 3, 
both; I, 2, 3, 4, I, 2, 3, right; i, 2, 3, 4, i, 2, 3, 
left; I, 2, 3, 4, i, 2, 3, i, 2, 3, 4, i, 2, 3, right; 

I, 2, 3, 4, I, 2, 3, Ze/i; i, 2, 3, 4, i, 2, 3,5oi7i; i, 2, 
3, 4, I, 2, 3, W^/i^; I, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, i, 2, 3, 4, 5, 
6, 7, left; I, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, i, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 
I, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, i, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, resi. 



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